Hướng dẫn viết bài luận tiếng anh hay- ôn thi THPT quốc gia 2016

Hướng dẫn viết bài luận tiếng anh hay- ôn thi THPT quốc gia 2016

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Hướng dẫn viết bài luận mẫu tiếng Anh- ôn thi THPT quốc gia 2016
"Hướng dẫn viết bài luận tiếng anh hay" là nguồn tài liệu tham khảo cho học sinh, được trích ra từ First News, hướng dẫn viết luận tiếng anh của cô Mai Phương..., bao gồm rất nhiều các chủ đề thực tế khác nhau, giúp học sinh có thể vận dụng, điều chỉnh và viết một cách tự tin hơn. Hi vọng những đóng góp dưới đây góp phần giúp học sinh học tập ngày càng tốt hơn và tự tin hơn với khả năng tiếng Anh của mình.
Các chủ đề thường gặp cho đoạn văn thường có các yếu tố Creative, Personal or Reflective 
 A. Yourself:
  1. what you like/ dislike the most/ your favourite sport/ food/music/book/pet/ entertainment 
 2.  daily activities
  3. your best friend/ teacher/your parents 
 4. your favourite subject at school
  5. An important person
  6. a funny story/embarassing thing/memorable events (the hardest thing you’ve done)/ a challenge 
 7. a place/country to visit 
 8 . your future career/plans/ what university you want to study in 
 9. your neighbours
  10. what is a happy life/ qualities  that lead to success 
 11. live in a big city or countryside 
 12. your prediction for the world in 2050 
 Eg: A present that you like 
 What, if anything, do you like to spend your money on, and why?
 What is a very important skill a person should learn?
 B. Things around that matters you:
  13.  The  use  of  internet/mobile  phones/TV/video  games/  public  transport/technology/  travelling  by
  public transportation 
 14. The advantages/disadvantages of learning English 
 15. The importances of doing exercises 
 16. Why go to university?
 17. What are the advantages & disadvantages of learning English on the - Internet compared with
  learning English in a class?
 18. What are the advantages & disadvantages of living and working in a foreign country compared
  with living and working in your own country?
 19. Advantages and disadvantages of fast food 
 20. The advantages and disadvantages of examinations 
 21. What causes pollution? The effects of pollution
  22. Are parents best teachers?
 23. Methods of learning 
 24.  Students  should  spend  much  more  time  on  history  and  literature  than  on  science  and
  mathematics. 
 25. Should high school students wear uniforms?
 C. Arguments and Discussions 
 26. Is homework harmful or helpful?
 27. Is competition good?
 28. Are there benefits to attending a single-sex school 
 29. Social Networks make a better connected society 
 30. Violent Sports/Movies should be banned on TV/ Violent movies increase violence in teens 
 31. We should preserve old buildings as architectural monuments 
 32. Music can relieve moral and physical pain 
33. College education is not enough/ Are books more important than experience/ Social life is more important than academics 
 34. Gap year between school and college improves career prospects 
 35. Schools should place more emphasis on sports than in academics 
 36. Is Facebook a great invention?
 37. Importance of alternative sources of energy. 
 38. Education and its importance in the developing of a country. 
 39. Destruction of forests as a crime against the planet. 
 40. Sex education in schools: should it be halted or increased?
 41. After  leaving  school  or  university,  young  people  should  choose  a  job  or  career  that  they  love, rather than one that pays the best salary. 
 42. What would you change about your hometown. (imagination)
 43. Should teenagers work while they are students?
 44. Does human harmed the Earth or make it a better place to live?
 45. Should one judge a person by external appearances?
 46. Are classmates a more important influence to a child than parents 
 47. Does grades encourage students to learn?
 48. What new product would you develop? (imagination)
 49. Why and How should a natural resource be saved?
 50. How is your generation different from your parents
2 . CÁCH VIẾT MỘT BÀI LUẬN HAY - TỪ CHUYỂN TIẾP 
Một bài luận hay được chấm dựa trên 5 tiêu chí:
 (1) Your essay must effectively discuss the topic you have been asked to address.
 (2) Your essay must be well organized.
 (3) Coherence and Cohesion
  (4) Grammar and A wide range of vocabulary
  (5) Creative Ideas
 Cấu trúc ESSAY 4-5 ĐOẠN – PARAGRAPH chỉ có 1 đoạn duy nhất. 
I. Introduction 
A. Hook (to capture your reader's attention)
B. General information on assigned topic (no details)
C. Thesis (one-sentence statement of main idea plus viewpoint)
II. Body 
A. Sub-Point One 
1.Topic sentence 
2. Details supporting topic sentence 
B. Sub-Point Two 
1. Topic sentence 
2. Details supporting topic sentence 
C. (Possible) Sub-Point Three 
1. Topic sentence 
2. Details supporting topic sentence 
III. Conclusion 
A. Paraphrase of thesis 
B. Summary of viewpoint 
C. General final statement/comment
2 . CÁCH VIẾT MỘT BÀI LUẬN HAY - TỪ CHUYỂN TIẾP 
Một bài luận hay được chấm dựa trên 5 tiêu chí:
(1) Your essay must effectively discuss the topic you have been asked to address.
(2) Your essay must be well organized.
(3) Coherence and Cohesion
(4) Grammar and A wide range of vocabulary
(5) Creative Ideas
 Cấu trúc ESSAY 4-5 ĐOẠN – PARAGRAPH chỉ có 1 đoạn duy nhất. 
I. Introduction 
A. Hook (to capture your reader's attention)
B. General information on assigned topic (no details)
C. Thesis (one-sentence statement of main idea plus viewpoint)
II. Body 
A. Sub-Point One 
1.Topic sentence 
2. Details supporting topic sentence 
B. Sub-Point Two 
1. Topic sentence 
2. Details supporting topic sentence 
C. (Possible) Sub-Point Three 
1. Topic sentence 
2. Details supporting topic sentence 
III. Conclusion 
A. Paraphrase of thesis 
B. Summary of viewpoint 
C. General final statement/comment

Homework: compulsory or not?
We shouldn't have homework. It takes away from family time. You  have to do your homework instead of playing a family board game or playing catch. You can't go outside to play so you will get fat. If you bring it home you will rush through it so you can play video games. We should do our work at school because we have better equipment  there. We should also do it at  school because we can't  ask our teacher questions when we do it at home. It's hard to concentrate when you could be outside playing on a sunny day. So I think homework should not be compulsory.
  (108 words)
In my opinion, homework is beneficial to students in many ways. Firstly, homework is an extension of the classroom,  which  allows  a  student  to  continue  learning  and  to  cement  the  things  they  learn  within. Homework  promotes  understanding  to  information  that  students  might  have  found  confusing. Without  it, students would only see materials once and therefore, not truly learn it. In addition, doing homework may keep  them  occupied,  preventing  them  from  freedom  or giving them less  time  to  indulge in  video  games. Last but not least, while struggling with homework without the help of teachers or parents, students learn how to work independently and to overcome themselves. They also get a chance to better their skills such as  critical  thinking  or  time  management. For all  the  reasons  above, I  would  say homework  should  be compulsory.
 (134 words) 

Để tạo nên tính logic thì bài luận cần phải có trật tự. Các trật tự thường gặp là:
1 Ordering by Time (Chronological Order)
2 Ordering by Space (Spatial Order)
3 Ordering by Groups or Types (Classification and Comparison)
4 Order of Importance (Emphatic or Climactic Order)

Phân tích ví dụ:
  Advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones 
In  recent  years,  the  world  has  witnessed  a  booming  number  of  mobile  phones.  They  are  dramatically changing  the  way  people  contact  to  each  other.  It  is  apparent  that  mobile  phones  has  had  a  profound influence on personal lives. However, not all the effects of them have been positive.
To  begin  with, using mobile phones is one of popular methods for people to communicate, relax and do business. By using call or video phone, text message, we are able to keep in touch together despite a long distance. These days, with the significant developement of cell phones, they enable users to entertain such as surfing  the  internet,  sending  photos  or  downloading  videos  and  games.  According  to  a  research,  the number  of  people  accessing  the  web  through  mobile  phones  is  now  accounting  for  well  over  15%  of worldwide  internet  usage.  Furthermore, some  Office  applications  for  mobile  phones,  for  example, Miccrosoft Office are helping employees do their business more effectively. 
Although  it  is  true  that  people  are  now  getting  a  number  of  advantages  from  mobiles,  these communication technologies  also  have  several  negative  impacts.  Firstly, using  cell  phones  too much  will probably be harmful for human's health as it can increase the risk of brain cancer.  In  addition, children are spending a lot of their free time on using mobiles with the purpose of chatting or playing games. This is time  consuming  and  affect  negatively  on  their  studies.  Lacking  of  face-to-face  communication  is  also  the result of using mobiles. Instead of going out or dating, many people prefer to stay at home and use their cell phones to connect to others. 
In  general, mobile  phones  have  both  pros  and  cons  to  our  society.  They  make  the  people's  lives  and works become more convinient. Yet, mobile phones still impact badly on health, time and communication of  individuals.  To  advoid  these  problems,  each  person should  manage  the  time  of  using  mobiles reasonably.  Besides, the  awareness  of  people  about  the  disadvantages  of  mobile  phones  should  be improved.

 (Tìm cách chuyển toàn bộ ESSAY nói trên về PARAGRAPH)
Cần sử dụng các từ chuyển tiếp transition:
 also, too, besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover 
however, but, on the other hand, conversely, yet, though, in contrast, nevertheless 
for example, such as, e.g., to illustrate, for instance 
that is, in other words,
 in fact, indeed, certainly, clearly, of course 
generally speaking, in general, overall, for the most  part, usually, typically, in conclusion, in summary, to sum up 
therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, as a consequence 

first, second, next, then, finally, lastly
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